JEE Challenger
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Direction of Induced Currents in Coplanar Wire Segments

The figure shows certain wire segments joined together to form a coplanar loop. The loop is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field in the direction going into the plane of the figure. The magnitude of the field increases with time.

Diagram 0

I1I_1 and I2I_2 are the currents in the segments ab\mathbf{ab} and cd\mathbf{cd}. Then,

Options

A

I1>I2I_1 > I_2

B

I1<I2I_1 < I_2

C

I1I_1 is in the direction ba\mathbf{ba} and I2I_2 is in the direction cd\mathbf{cd}

D

I1I_1 is in the direction ab\mathbf{ab} and I2I_2 is in the direction dc\mathbf{dc}

Correct

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the magnitude and direction of the induced currents I1I_1 and I2I_2, we apply Faraday's Law and Lenz's Law:

  1. Current Magnitude:
    The wire segments are connected in series to form a single continuous coplanar loop. By the conservation of charge (Kirchhoff's Current Law), the current must be uniform throughout the entire loop. Therefore:
    I1=I2I_1 = I_2
    Hence, options (A) and (B) are incorrect.

  2. Current Direction:

    • The magnetic field B\mathbf{B} is directed perpendicularly into the plane of the loop (⊗\otimes) and its magnitude is increasing with time (dBdt>0\frac{dB}{dt} > 0).
    • According to Lenz's law, the induced current must flow in a direction such that the induced magnetic field opposes the increase in inward magnetic flux. Therefore, the induced magnetic field must be directed perpendicularly out of the plane (⊙\odot).
    • To produce an outward magnetic field, the net circulation of current around the outer boundary of the loop must be counter-clockwise.
    • Along the outer boundary, a counter-clockwise circulation means the current flows:
      • Right-to-left along the top segment cd\mathbf{cd}, which is in the direction from d\mathbf{d} to c\mathbf{c} (dc\mathbf{dc}).
    • Along the inner segment ab\mathbf{ab}, the current flows in the opposite direction (from left to right) to complete the loop, which corresponds to the direction from a\mathbf{a} to b\mathbf{b} (ab\mathbf{ab}).

Thus, I1I_1 is in the direction ab\mathbf{ab} and I2I_2 is in the direction dc\mathbf{dc}.

Therefore, the correct option is D.