JEE Challenger
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Tension in Current Carrying Wire in Uniform Magnetic Field

A thin flexible wire of length LL is connected to two adjacent fixed points and carries a current II in the clockwise direction, as shown in the figure. When the system is put in a uniform magnetic field of strength BB going into the plane of the paper, the wire takes the shape of a circle. The tension in the wire is

Diagram 0

Options

A

IBLIBL

B

IBLπ\frac{IBL}{\pi}

C

IBL2π\frac{IBL}{2\pi}

Correct
D

IBL4π\frac{IBL}{4\pi}

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the tension in the current-carrying wire, we analyze the mechanical equilibrium of a small element of the wire.

Let RR be the radius of the circular loop formed by the wire of length LL. The relation between the total length LL and the radius RR is given by:
L=2πR  ⟹  R=L2πL = 2\pi R \implies R = \frac{L}{2\pi}

Now, consider a small arc element of the wire subtending a small angle dθd\theta at the center of the circular loop. The length of this small element is:
dl=R dθdl = R \, d\theta

The magnetic force acting on a current element Idl⃗I d\vec{l} in a uniform magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} is given by:
dF⃗m=I(dl⃗×B⃗)d\vec{F}_m = I (d\vec{l} \times \vec{B})

Given that the current II flows in the clockwise direction and the magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} is directed into the plane of the paper, the direction of dF⃗md\vec{F}_m is radially outward by the right-hand rule. The magnitude of this magnetic force on the element is:
dFm=I(dl)B=IBR dθdF_m = I (dl) B = I B R \, d\theta

To oppose this outward radial force and keep the element in equilibrium, the tension TT acts tangentially at both ends of the arc element.

Resolving the tension forces along the radial direction toward the center, the net inward force due to tension is:
Finward=2Tsin⁡(dθ2)F_{\text{inward}} = 2 T \sin\left(\frac{d\theta}{2}\right)

For a very small angle dθd\theta, using the approximation sin⁡(dθ2)≈dθ2\sin\left(\frac{d\theta}{2}\right) \approx \frac{d\theta}{2}, we get:
Finward≈2T(dθ2)=T dθF_{\text{inward}} \approx 2 T \left(\frac{d\theta}{2}\right) = T \, d\theta

For radial equilibrium of the element, the net inward tension force must balance the net outward magnetic force:
Finward=dFmF_{\text{inward}} = dF_m
T dθ=IBR dθT \, d\theta = I B R \, d\theta
T=IBRT = I B R

Substituting R=L2πR = \frac{L}{2\pi} into the expression for tension TT:
T=IB(L2π)=IBL2πT = I B \left(\frac{L}{2\pi}\right) = \frac{IBL}{2\pi}

Therefore, the tension in the wire is IBL2π\frac{IBL}{2\pi}, corresponding to Option C.