JEE Challenger
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Count of Square Planar Species in Given List

A list of chemical species having the formula XZ4\text{XZ}_4 is provided below: XeF4,SF4,SiF4,BF4−,BrF4−,[Cu(NH3)4]2+,[FeCl4]2−,[CoCl4]2− and [PtCl4]2−\text{XeF}_4, \text{SF}_4, \text{SiF}_4, \text{BF}_4^-, \text{BrF}_4^-, [\text{Cu}(\text{NH}_3)_4]^{2+}, [\text{FeCl}_4]^{2-}, [\text{CoCl}_4]^{2-} \text{ and } [\text{PtCl}_4]^{2-} Defining the molecular shape on the basis of the spatial positions of X\text{X} and Z\text{Z} atoms, evaluate the total number of species exhibiting a square planar geometry.

Official Numerical Answer4

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the number of species exhibiting a square planar geometry, we analyze the hybridization, steric number, and molecular geometry for each given species:

  1. XeF4\text{XeF}_4:

    • Central atom Xe\text{Xe} has 8 valence electrons.
    • Number of bond pairs (bp\text{bp}) = 44, Number of lone pairs (lp\text{lp}) = 8−42=2\frac{8 - 4}{2} = 2.
    • Steric Number (SN\text{SN}) = 4+2=6  ⟹  sp3d24 + 2 = 6 \implies sp^3d^2 hybridization.
    • With 2 lone pairs situated in trans-axial positions to minimize repulsions, the molecular shape is square planar.
  2. SF4\text{SF}_4:

    • Central atom S\text{S} has 6 valence electrons.
    • bp=4\text{bp} = 4, lp=6−42=1\text{lp} = \frac{6 - 4}{2} = 1.
    • SN=4+1=5  ⟹  sp3d\text{SN} = 4 + 1 = 5 \implies sp^3d hybridization.
    • The molecular shape is see-saw.
  3. SiF4\text{SiF}_4:

    • Central atom Si\text{Si} has 4 valence electrons.
    • bp=4\text{bp} = 4, lp=0\text{lp} = 0.
    • SN=4  ⟹  sp3\text{SN} = 4 \implies sp^3 hybridization.
    • The molecular shape is tetrahedral.
  4. BF4−\text{BF}_4^-:

    • Central atom B−\text{B}^- has 4 valence electrons.
    • bp=4\text{bp} = 4, lp=0\text{lp} = 0.
    • SN=4  ⟹  sp3\text{SN} = 4 \implies sp^3 hybridization.
    • The molecular shape is tetrahedral.
  5. BrF4−\text{BrF}_4^-:

    • Central atom Br−\text{Br}^- has 8 valence electrons.
    • bp=4\text{bp} = 4, lp=8−42=2\text{lp} = \frac{8 - 4}{2} = 2.
    • SN=4+2=6  ⟹  sp3d2\text{SN} = 4 + 2 = 6 \implies sp^3d^2 hybridization.
    • With 2 lone pairs in trans positions, the molecular shape is square planar.
  6. [Cu(NH3)4]2+[\text{Cu}(\text{NH}_3)_4]^{2+}:

    • Cu2+\text{Cu}^{2+} has a 3d93d^9 electronic configuration.
    • With the strong-field ligand NH3\text{NH}_3, it undergoes dsp2dsp^2 hybridization (due to Jahn-Teller effect).
    • The coordination geometry is square planar.
  7. [FeCl4]2−[\text{FeCl}_4]^{2-}:

    • Fe2+\text{Fe}^{2+} has a 3d63d^6 configuration.
    • Cl−\text{Cl}^- is a weak-field ligand, giving sp3sp^3 hybridization.
    • The coordination geometry is tetrahedral.
  8. [CoCl4]2−[\text{CoCl}_4]^{2-}:

    • Co2+\text{Co}^{2+} has a 3d73d^7 configuration.
    • Cl−\text{Cl}^- is a weak-field ligand, resulting in sp3sp^3 hybridization.
    • The coordination geometry is tetrahedral.
  9. [PtCl4]2−[\text{PtCl}_4]^{2-}:

    • Pt2+\text{Pt}^{2+} is a 5d85d^8 metal ion.
    • Due to the large crystal field splitting energy (Δo\Delta_o) of 5d5d series elements, all 4-coordinate Pt(II)\text{Pt(II)} complexes adopt a low-spin configuration with dsp2dsp^2 hybridization.
    • The coordination geometry is square planar.

Conclusion:

The species that possess a square planar geometry are:

  1. XeF4\text{XeF}_4
  2. BrF4−\text{BrF}_4^-
  3. [Cu(NH3)4]2+[\text{Cu}(\text{NH}_3)_4]^{2+}
  4. [PtCl4]2−[\text{PtCl}_4]^{2-}

Total number of square planar species = 44.