Chemical Properties and Structure of Carbohydrates

To determine the correct statements, let us analyze each option individually:

1. Option (A):

   • Definition: Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates. By definition, they cannot be hydrolyzed further into smaller units of polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones.
   • Therefore, statement (A) is true.

2. Option (B):

   • Reaction: Bromine water ($\text{Br}_2 / \text{H}_2\text{O}$) is a mild oxidizing agent that selectively oxidizes the aldehyde group ($-\text{CHO}$) of D-glucose into a carboxylic acid group ($-\text{COOH}$), forming gluconic acid: $\text{CHO}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Br}_2 / \text{H}_2\text{O}} \text{COOH}-(\text{CHOH})_4-\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \quad (\text{Gluconic acid})$
   • Glutamic acid is an amino acid ($\text{HOOC}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}(\text{NH}_2)-\text{COOH}$) and is not formed in this reaction.
   • Therefore, statement (B) is false.

3. Option (C):

   • Sucrose Hydrolysis: Sucrose is a non-reducing disaccharide that undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of dilute acid or the enzyme invertase to produce equal amounts of D-(+)-glucose and D-(-)-fructose: $\text{C}_{12}\text{H}_{22}\text{O}_{11} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{H}^+} \underset{\text{D-glucose (Dextrorotatory, } +52.5^\circ\text{)}}{\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6} + \underset{\text{D-fructose (Laevorotatory, } -92.4^\circ\text{)}}{\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6}$
   • Therefore, statement (C) is true.

4. Option (D):

   • Anomers of Glucose: D-(+)-glucose exists in two six-membered cyclic hemiacetal forms, namely $\alpha\text{-D-(+)}$-glucopyranose and $\beta\text{-D-(+)}$-glucopyranose.
   • These two forms differ in configuration only at the C-1 carbon atom (the hemiacetal or anomeric carbon). Stereoisomers that differ only in configuration at C-1 are termed anomers.
   • Therefore, statement (D) is true.

Correct Options: (A), (C), (D)