JEE Challenger
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Calculate Magnitude of Cell Potential for Changed Concentration

Comprehension Passage

The concentration of potassium ions inside a biological cell is at least twenty times higher than the outside. The resulting potential difference across the cell is important in several processes such as transmission of nerve impulses and maintaining the ion balance. A simple model for such a concentration cell involving a metal M\text{M} is:
M(s)∣M+(aq; 0.05 molar)∣∣M+(aq; 1 molar)∣M(s)\text{M(s)} \mid \text{M}^+(\text{aq; } 0.05\text{ molar}) \mid\mid \text{M}^+(\text{aq; } 1\text{ molar}) \mid \text{M(s)}
For the above electrolytic cell the magnitude of the cell potential ∣Ecell∣=70 mV|E_{\text{cell}}| = 70\text{ mV}.

If the 0.05 molar0.05\text{ molar} solution of M+\text{M}^+ is replaced by a 0.0025 molar0.0025\text{ molar} solution of M+\text{M}^+, then the magnitude of the cell potential would be

Options

A

35 mV35\text{ mV}

B

70 mV70\text{ mV}

C

140 mV140\text{ mV}

Correct
D

700 mV700\text{ mV}

Step-by-Step Solution

For a concentration cell represented as:
M(s)∣M+(aq; c1)∣∣M+(aq; c2)∣M(s)\text{M(s)} \mid \text{M}^+(\text{aq; } c_1) \mid\mid \text{M}^+(\text{aq; } c_2) \mid \text{M(s)}

The cell reaction is:
M+(aq; c2)⇌M+(aq; c1)\text{M}^+(\text{aq; } c_2) \rightleftharpoons \text{M}^+(\text{aq; } c_1)

Since both half-cells consist of the same metal-metal ion electrode, the standard cell potential Ecell∘=0 VE^\circ_{\text{cell}} = 0\text{ V}.

Using the Nernst equation for the cell potential at temperature TT:
Ecell=Ecell∘−2.303RTnFlog⁡10(c1c2)E_{\text{cell}} = E^\circ_{\text{cell}} - \frac{2.303 RT}{nF} \log_{10} \left( \frac{c_1}{c_2} \right)

For n=1n = 1:
∣Ecell∣=2.303RTFlog⁡10(c2c1)|E_{\text{cell}}| = \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10} \left( \frac{c_2}{c_1} \right)

Case 1:
Initial concentration c1=0.05 Mc_1 = 0.05\text{ M} and c2=1 Mc_2 = 1\text{ M}.
∣Ecell,1∣=2.303RTFlog⁡10(10.05)=2.303RTFlog⁡10(20)=70 mV|E_{\text{cell}, 1}| = \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{0.05} \right) = \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10}(20) = 70\text{ mV}

Case 2:
New concentration c1′=0.0025 Mc_1' = 0.0025\text{ M} and c2=1 Mc_2 = 1\text{ M}.
∣Ecell,2∣=2.303RTFlog⁡10(10.0025)=2.303RTFlog⁡10(400)|E_{\text{cell}, 2}| = \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10} \left( \frac{1}{0.0025} \right) = \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10}(400)

Since 400=202400 = 20^2, we can simplify the logarithmic term:
log⁡10(400)=log⁡10(202)=2log⁡10(20)\log_{10}(400) = \log_{10}(20^2) = 2 \log_{10}(20)

Substituting this back into the equation:
∣Ecell,2∣=2×(2.303RTFlog⁡10(20))=2×∣Ecell,1∣|E_{\text{cell}, 2}| = 2 \times \left( \frac{2.303 RT}{F} \log_{10}(20) \right) = 2 \times |E_{\text{cell}, 1}|

Substituting ∣Ecell,1∣=70 mV|E_{\text{cell}, 1}| = 70\text{ mV}:
∣Ecell,2∣=2×70 mV=140 mV|E_{\text{cell}, 2}| = 2 \times 70\text{ mV} = 140\text{ mV}

Thus, the correct option is C.