For a concentration cell represented as:
M(s)∣M+(aq; c1)∣∣M+(aq; c2)∣M(s)
The cell reaction is:
M+(aq; c2)⇌M+(aq; c1)
Since both half-cells consist of the same metal-metal ion electrode, the standard cell potential Ecell∘=0 V.
Using the Nernst equation for the cell potential at temperature T:
Ecell=Ecell∘−nF2.303RTlog10(c2c1)
For n=1:
∣Ecell∣=F2.303RTlog10(c1c2)
Case 1:
Initial concentration c1=0.05 M and c2=1 M.
∣Ecell,1∣=F2.303RTlog10(0.051)=F2.303RTlog10(20)=70 mV
Case 2:
New concentration c1′=0.0025 M and c2=1 M.
∣Ecell,2∣=F2.303RTlog10(0.00251)=F2.303RTlog10(400)
Since 400=202, we can simplify the logarithmic term:
log10(400)=log10(202)=2log10(20)
Substituting this back into the equation:
∣Ecell,2∣=2×(F2.303RTlog10(20))=2×∣Ecell,1∣
Substituting ∣Ecell,1∣=70 mV:
∣Ecell,2∣=2×70 mV=140 mV
Thus, the correct option is C.