JEE Challenger
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Volume of Parallelopiped with Unit Vectors at Equal Angles

The edges of a parallelopiped are of unit length and are parallel to non-coplanar unit vectors a^,b^,c^\hat{a}, \hat{b}, \hat{c} such that
a^⋅b^=b^⋅c^=c^⋅a^=12.\hat{a} \cdot \hat{b} = \hat{b} \cdot \hat{c} = \hat{c} \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{1}{2}.
Then, the volume of the parallelopiped is

Options

A

12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}

Correct
B

122\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}

C

32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

D

13\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}

Step-by-Step Solution

The volume VV of a parallelopiped whose coterminous edges are represented by the unit vectors a^,b^,\hat{a}, \hat{b}, and c^\hat{c} is given by the absolute value of their scalar triple product:
V=∣[a^ b^ c^]∣V = \left| [\hat{a} \ \hat{b} \ \hat{c}] \right|

Using the property of the Gram determinant for vectors, the square of the scalar triple product can be evaluated as:

V2=[a^ b^ c^]2=∣a^⋅a^a^⋅b^a^⋅c^b^⋅a^b^⋅b^b^⋅c^c^⋅a^c^⋅b^c^⋅c^∣V^2 = [\hat{a} \ \hat{b} \ \hat{c}]^2 = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{a} \cdot \hat{a} & \hat{a} \cdot \hat{b} & \hat{a} \cdot \hat{c} \\ \hat{b} \cdot \hat{a} & \hat{b} \cdot \hat{b} & \hat{b} \cdot \hat{c} \\ \hat{c} \cdot \hat{a} & \hat{c} \cdot \hat{b} & \hat{c} \cdot \hat{c} \end{vmatrix}

Since a^,b^,c^\hat{a}, \hat{b}, \hat{c} are unit vectors:
a^⋅a^=b^⋅b^=c^⋅c^=1\hat{a} \cdot \hat{a} = \hat{b} \cdot \hat{b} = \hat{c} \cdot \hat{c} = 1

Given that:
a^⋅b^=b^⋅c^=c^⋅a^=12\hat{a} \cdot \hat{b} = \hat{b} \cdot \hat{c} = \hat{c} \cdot \hat{a} = \frac{1}{2}

Substituting these values into the determinant:

V2=∣112121211212121∣V^2 = \begin{vmatrix} 1 & \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & 1 & \frac{1}{2} \\ \frac{1}{2} & \frac{1}{2} & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Expanding the determinant along the first row:
V2=1(1⋅1−12⋅12)−12(12⋅1−12⋅12)+12(12⋅12−1⋅12)V^2 = 1 \left(1 \cdot 1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 1 - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} - 1 \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)

V2=1(1−14)−12(12−14)+12(14−12)V^2 = 1 \left(1 - \frac{1}{4}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{1}{4}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{1}{2}\right)

V2=34−12(14)+12(−14)V^2 = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{4}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)

V2=34−18−18=34−14=12V^2 = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{8} - \frac{1}{8} = \frac{3}{4} - \frac{1}{4} = \frac{1}{2}

Taking the positive square root for volume:
V=12V = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}

Thus, the volume of the parallelopiped is 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.

Therefore, the correct option is (A).