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Smallest Wavelength in Infrared Region of Hydrogen Spectrum

The largest wavelength in the ultraviolet region of the hydrogen spectrum is 122 nm122\text{ nm}. The smallest wavelength in the infrared region of the hydrogen spectrum (to the nearest integer) is

Options

A

802 nm802\text{ nm}

B

823 nm823\text{ nm}

Correct
C

1882 nm1882\text{ nm}

D

1648 nm1648\text{ nm}

Topics & Concepts

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the smallest wavelength in the infrared region of the hydrogen spectrum, we use the Rydberg formula for the wavelength λ\lambda of spectral lines:

1λ=R(1n12−1n22)\frac{1}{\lambda} = R \left( \frac{1}{n_1^2} - \frac{1}{n_2^2} \right)

where RR is the Rydberg constant, and n1,n2n_1, n_2 are principal quantum numbers with n2>n1n_2 > n_1.

  1. Ultraviolet (UV) Region:
    The UV region corresponds to the Lyman series, where n1=1n_1 = 1. The largest wavelength (λmax, UV\lambda_{\text{max, UV}}) occurs for the transition with the minimum energy, which corresponds to n2=2n_2 = 2:
    1λmax, UV=R(112−122)=34R\frac{1}{\lambda_{\text{max, UV}}} = R \left( \frac{1}{1^2} - \frac{1}{2^2} \right) = \frac{3}{4}R

Given that λmax, UV=122 nm\lambda_{\text{max, UV}} = 122\text{ nm}:
1122=34R  ⟹  R=43×122 nm−1\frac{1}{122} = \frac{3}{4}R \implies R = \frac{4}{3 \times 122}\text{ nm}^{-1}

  1. Infrared (IR) Region:
    The infrared region consists of the Paschen series (n1=3n_1 = 3), Brackett series (n1=4n_1 = 4), Pfund series (n1=5n_1 = 5), etc.
    The smallest wavelength in the infrared spectrum corresponds to the transition with the highest energy in the series with the lowest n1n_1 in this region, which is the series limit (n2=∞n_2 = \infty) of the Paschen series (n1=3n_1 = 3):
    1λmin, IR=R(132−1∞2)=R9\frac{1}{\lambda_{\text{min, IR}}} = R \left( \frac{1}{3^2} - \frac{1}{\infty^2} \right) = \frac{R}{9}

Therefore:
λmin, IR=9R\lambda_{\text{min, IR}} = \frac{9}{R}

Substitute the value of RR:
λmin, IR=9×3×1224=27×1224=32944=823.5 nm≈823 nm\lambda_{\text{min, IR}} = 9 \times \frac{3 \times 122}{4} = \frac{27 \times 122}{4} = \frac{3294}{4} = 823.5\text{ nm} \approx 823\text{ nm}

Hence, the correct option is B.