JEE Challenger
More from Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Range of Value for Modulus Expression of Complex Number

Comprehension Passage

Paragraph for Question Nos. 21 to 23

Let A,B,CA, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below

A={z:Im⁡z≥1}A = \{z : \operatorname{Im} z \ge 1\}
B={z:∣z−2−i∣=3}B = \{z : |z - 2 - i| = 3\}
C={z:Re⁡((1−i)z)=2}.C = \{z : \operatorname{Re}((1 - i)z) = \sqrt{2}\}.

Let zz be any point in A∩B∩CA \cap B \cap C. Then, ∣z+1−i∣2+∣z−5−i∣2|z + 1 - i|^2 + |z - 5 - i|^2 lies between

Options

A

2525 and 2929

B

3030 and 3434

C

3535 and 3939

Correct
D

4040 and 4444

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the range of the expression ∣z+1−i∣2+∣z−5−i∣2|z + 1 - i|^2 + |z - 5 - i|^2 for any point z∈A∩B∩Cz \in A \cap B \cap C, we first analyze the given sets and the expression geometrically.

The sets are defined as:

  1. A={z:Im⁡z≥1}A = \{z : \operatorname{Im} z \ge 1\}
  2. B={z:∣z−(2+i)∣=3}B = \{z : |z - (2 + i)| = 3\}, which represents a circle in the complex plane centered at z0=2+iz_0 = 2 + i with radius R=3R = 3.
  3. C={z:Re⁡((1−i)z)=2}C = \{z : \operatorname{Re}((1 - i)z) = \sqrt{2}\}, which represents a straight line.

Now, consider the expression to be evaluated:
E=∣z−z1∣2+∣z−z2∣2E = |z - z_1|^2 + |z - z_2|^2
where z1=−1+iz_1 = -1 + i and z2=5+iz_2 = 5 + i.

Let us determine the midpoint of the segment joining z1z_1 and z2z_2:
zmid=z1+z22=(−1+i)+(5+i)2=4+2i2=2+iz_{\text{mid}} = \frac{z_1 + z_2}{2} = \frac{(-1 + i) + (5 + i)}{2} = \frac{4 + 2i}{2} = 2 + i

Notice that zmid=z0z_{\text{mid}} = z_0, which is precisely the center of the circle described by set BB.

By Apollonius' Theorem (or the parallelogram law for complex numbers):
For any point zz and points z1,z2z_1, z_2 with midpoint z0z_0:
∣z−z1∣2+∣z−z2∣2=2∣z−z0∣2+2∣z1−z0∣2|z - z_1|^2 + |z - z_2|^2 = 2|z - z_0|^2 + 2|z_1 - z_0|^2

Since z∈Bz \in B, the distance of zz from the center z0=2+iz_0 = 2 + i is equal to the radius:
∣z−z0∣=∣z−(2+i)∣=3|z - z_0| = |z - (2 + i)| = 3

Also, the distance between z1z_1 and z0z_0 is:
∣z1−z0∣=∣(−1+i)−(2+i)∣=∣−3∣=3|z_1 - z_0| = |(-1 + i) - (2 + i)| = |-3| = 3

Substituting these values into the formula:
E=2(3)2+2(3)2=2(9)+2(9)=18+18=36E = 2(3)^2 + 2(3)^2 = 2(9) + 2(9) = 18 + 18 = 36

Alternatively, setting z=x+iyz = x + iy:
(x−2)2+(y−1)2=9(x - 2)^2 + (y - 1)^2 = 9
The expression is:

∣z+1−i∣2+∣z−5−i∣2=(x+1)2+(y−1)2+(x−5)2+(y−1)2=[(x+1)2+(x−5)2]+2(y−1)2=[2x2−8x+26]+2[9−(x−2)2]=2x2−8x+26+18−2(x2−4x+4)=44−8=36\begin{aligned} |z + 1 - i|^2 + |z - 5 - i|^2 &= (x + 1)^2 + (y - 1)^2 + (x - 5)^2 + (y - 1)^2 \\ &= \left[(x + 1)^2 + (x - 5)^2\right] + 2(y - 1)^2 \\ &= \left[2x^2 - 8x + 26\right] + 2\left[9 - (x - 2)^2\right] \\ &= 2x^2 - 8x + 26 + 18 - 2(x^2 - 4x + 4) \\ &= 44 - 8 = 36 \end{aligned}

Hence, the expression is identically equal to 3636 for any point on the circle BB (and thus for any point in A∩B∩CA \cap B \cap C).

The value 3636 lies between 3535 and 3939.

Therefore, the correct option is C.