JEE Challenger
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Least Positive Integer for Negative Term in Harmonic Progression

Let a1,a2,a3,…a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots be in harmonic progression with a1=5a_1 = 5 and a20=25a_{20} = 25. The least positive integer nn for which an<0a_n < 0 is

Options

A

22

B

23

C

24

D

25

Correct

Step-by-Step Solution

Given that a1,a2,a3,…a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots are in harmonic progression (HP), their reciprocals form an arithmetic progression (AP).

Let bn=1anb_n = \frac{1}{a_n} be the nn-th term of the corresponding AP, and let dd be its common difference.

We are given: a1=5  ⟹  b1=15a_1 = 5 \implies b_1 = \frac{1}{5} a20=25  ⟹  b20=125a_{20} = 25 \implies b_{20} = \frac{1}{25}

Using the formula for the nn-th term of an AP, bn=b1+(n−1)db_n = b_1 + (n-1)d, we have: b20=b1+19db_{20} = b_1 + 19d 125=15+19d\frac{1}{25} = \frac{1}{5} + 19d

Solving for dd: 19d=125−15=−42519d = \frac{1}{25} - \frac{1}{5} = -\frac{4}{25} d=−425×19=−4475d = -\frac{4}{25 \times 19} = -\frac{4}{475}

We are looking for the least positive integer nn such that an<0a_n < 0. Since an=1bna_n = \frac{1}{b_n}, the condition an<0a_n < 0 is equivalent to bn<0b_n < 0: bn<0b_n < 0 b1+(n−1)d<0b_1 + (n-1)d < 0 15+(n−1)(−4475)<0\frac{1}{5} + (n-1)\left(-\frac{4}{475}\right) < 0

Rearranging the inequality: 15<(n−1)(4475)\frac{1}{5} < (n-1)\left(\frac{4}{475}\right) n−1>15×4754n - 1 > \frac{1}{5} \times \frac{475}{4} n−1>954n - 1 > \frac{95}{4} n−1>23.75n - 1 > 23.75 n>24.75n > 24.75

Since nn must be an integer, the least positive integer nn satisfying this inequality is n=25n = 25.

Thus, the correct option is D.