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Inverse Secant of Sum of Consecutive Shifted Secant Terms

Find the value of sec⁡−1(14∑k=010sec⁡(7π12+kπ2)sec⁡(7π12+(k+1)π2))\sec^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{4}\sum_{k=0}^{10}\sec\left(\frac{7\pi}{12}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\right)\sec\left(\frac{7\pi}{12}+\frac{(k+1)\pi}{2}\right)\right) lying in the interval [−π4,3π4]\left[-\frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{3\pi}{4}\right].

Official Numerical Answer0

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the value of the given expression, let us define the angle: θk=7π12+kπ2\theta_k = \frac{7\pi}{12} + \frac{k\pi}{2}

Notice that the difference between consecutive angles is: θk+1−θk=π2\theta_{k+1} - \theta_k = \frac{\pi}{2}

Since sin⁡(π2)=1\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) = 1, each term in the summation can be written as: sec⁡θksec⁡θk+1=1cos⁡θkcos⁡θk+1=sin⁡(θk+1−θk)cos⁡θkcos⁡θk+1\sec\theta_k \sec\theta_{k+1} = \frac{1}{\cos\theta_k \cos\theta_{k+1}} = \frac{\sin(\theta_{k+1} - \theta_k)}{\cos\theta_k \cos\theta_{k+1}}

Using the sine subtraction formula, sin⁡(A−B)=sin⁡Acos⁡B−cos⁡Asin⁡B\sin(A - B) = \sin A \cos B - \cos A \sin B: sec⁡θksec⁡θk+1=sin⁡θk+1cos⁡θk−cos⁡θk+1sin⁡θkcos⁡θkcos⁡θk+1=tan⁡θk+1−tan⁡θk\sec\theta_k \sec\theta_{k+1} = \frac{\sin\theta_{k+1}\cos\theta_k - \cos\theta_{k+1}\sin\theta_k}{\cos\theta_k \cos\theta_{k+1}} = \tan\theta_{k+1} - \tan\theta_k

Now, substituting this back into the summation, we obtain a telescoping series: S=∑k=010sec⁡(7π12+kπ2)sec⁡(7π12+(k+1)π2)=∑k=010(tan⁡θk+1−tan⁡θk)S = \sum_{k=0}^{10} \sec\left(\frac{7\pi}{12}+\frac{k\pi}{2}\right)\sec\left(\frac{7\pi}{12}+\frac{(k+1)\pi}{2}\right) = \sum_{k=0}^{10} (\tan\theta_{k+1} - \tan\theta_k) S=tan⁡θ11−tan⁡θ0S = \tan\theta_{11} - \tan\theta_0

Let us evaluate θ0\theta_0 and θ11\theta_{11}:

  1. For k=0k=0: θ0=7π12=π2+π12  ⟹  tan⁡θ0=tan⁡(π2+π12)=−cot⁡(π12)\theta_0 = \frac{7\pi}{12} = \frac{\pi}{2} + \frac{\pi}{12} \implies \tan\theta_0 = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{2} + \frac{\pi}{12}\right) = -\cot\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)

  2. For k=11k=11: θ11=7π12+11π2=7π+66π12=73π12=6π+π12  ⟹  tan⁡θ11=tan⁡(6π+π12)=tan⁡(π12)\theta_{11} = \frac{7\pi}{12} + \frac{11\pi}{2} = \frac{7\pi + 66\pi}{12} = \frac{73\pi}{12} = 6\pi + \frac{\pi}{12} \implies \tan\theta_{11} = \tan\left(6\pi + \frac{\pi}{12}\right) = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)

Therefore: S=tan⁡(π12)−(−cot⁡(π12))=tan⁡(π12)+cot⁡(π12)S = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right) - \left(-\cot\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)\right) = \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right) + \cot\left(\frac{\pi}{12}\right)

Using the identity tan⁡x+cot⁡x=2sin⁡2x\tan x + \cot x = \frac{2}{\sin 2x}: S=2sin⁡(2⋅π12)=2sin⁡(π6)=212=4S = \frac{2}{\sin\left(2 \cdot \frac{\pi}{12}\right)} = \frac{2}{\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{6}\right)} = \frac{2}{\frac{1}{2}} = 4

Now, substituting the value of SS into the given expression: sec⁡−1(14S)=sec⁡−1(14⋅4)=sec⁡−1(1)\sec^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{4} S\right) = \sec^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot 4\right) = \sec^{-1}(1)

Since sec⁡(0)=1\sec(0) = 1 and 0∈[−π4,3π4]0 \in \left[-\frac{\pi}{4}, \frac{3\pi}{4}\right], the required value is: sec⁡−1(1)=0\sec^{-1}(1) = 0