JEE Challenger
More from Application of Derivatives

Intersection of y = x and y = ke^x for Non-Positive k

Comprehension Passage

If a continuous function ff defined on the real line R\mathbf{R}, assumes positive and negative values in R\mathbf{R} then the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 has a root in R\mathbf{R}. For example, if it is known that a continuous function ff on R\mathbf{R} is positive at some point and its minimum value is negative then the equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 has a root in R\mathbf{R}.

Consider f(x)=kex−xf(x) = ke^x - x for all real xx where kk is a real constant.

The line y=xy = x meets y=kexy = ke^x for k≤0k \le 0 at

Options

A

no point

B

one point

Correct
C

two points

D

more than two points

Step-by-Step Solution

We are finding roots of g(x)=x−kex=0g(x) = x - ke^x = 0 for k≤0k \le 0.

  1. Differentiating g(x)g(x):
    g′(x)=1−kexg'(x) = 1 - ke^x
    Since k≤0k \le 0, −kex≥0-ke^x \ge 0 for all x∈Rx \in \mathbb{R}, which implies g′(x)≥1>0g'(x) \ge 1 > 0.
    Thus, g(x)g(x) is strictly increasing on (−∞,∞)(-\infty, \infty).

  2. Asymptotic limits:
    lim⁡x→−∞g(x)=−∞−0=−∞\lim_{x \to -\infty} g(x) = -\infty - 0 = -\infty
    lim⁡x→∞g(x)=∞−(−∞)=+∞\lim_{x \to \infty} g(x) = \infty - (-\infty) = +\infty

By the Intermediate Value Theorem and strict monotonicity, g(x)=0g(x) = 0 has exactly one real root. Hence, the curves intersect at one point.

Correct Answer: B