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Identify Correct Sequences of Hybridisation Geometry and Magnetic Nature for Coordination Compounds

Which of the following sequences of hybridisation, geometry and magnetic nature are correct for the given coordination compounds?
A. [NiCl4]2sp3[\text{NiCl}_4]^{2-} - \text{sp}^3, tetrahedral, paramagnetic
B. [Ni(NH3)6]2+sp3d2[\text{Ni}(\text{NH}_3)_6]^{2+} - \text{sp}^3\text{d}^2, octahedral, paramagnetic
C. [Ni(CO)4]sp3[\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_4] - \text{sp}^3, tetrahedral, paramagnetic
D. [Ni(CN)4]2dsp2[\text{Ni}(\text{CN})_4]^{2-} - \text{dsp}^2, square planar, diamagnetic

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options

A

A, B, C and D

B

B, C and D only

C

A, C and D only

D

A, B and D only

Correct

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the correct statements, let us analyze each of the given coordination compounds individually:

  1. Compound A: [NiCl4]2[\text{NiCl}_4]^{2-}

    • Oxidation state of Ni\text{Ni}: Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}
    • Electronic configuration of Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}: [Ar]3d84s0[\text{Ar}] 3\text{d}^8 4\text{s}^0
    • Cl\text{Cl}^- is a weak field ligand, so no pairing of 3d3\text{d} electrons takes place.
    • The complex utilizes one 4s4\text{s} and three 4p4\text{p} orbitals for bonding, resulting in sp3\text{sp}^3 hybridisation and a tetrahedral geometry.
    • Due to the presence of 2 unpaired electrons in the 3d3\text{d} subshell, the complex is paramagnetic.
    • Statement A is correct.
  2. Compound B: [Ni(NH3)6]2+[\text{Ni}(\text{NH}_3)_6]^{2+}

    • Oxidation state of Ni\text{Ni}: Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}
    • Electronic configuration of Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}: [Ar]3d84s0[\text{Ar}] 3\text{d}^8 4\text{s}^0
    • For a 3d83\text{d}^8 ion in an octahedral field, the crystal field electronic distribution is t2g6eg2\text{t}_{2\text{g}}^6 \text{e}_\text{g}^2. Two inner 3d3\text{d} orbitals are not available for d2sp3\text{d}^2\text{sp}^3 hybridisation.
    • Thus, it uses outer orbitals (4s4\text{s}, 4p4\text{p}, and 4d4\text{d}) to undergo sp3d2\text{sp}^3\text{d}^2 hybridisation, yielding an octahedral geometry.
    • With 2 unpaired electrons in the eg\text{e}_\text{g} orbitals, the complex is paramagnetic.
    • Statement B is correct.
  3. Compound C: [Ni(CO)4][\text{Ni}(\text{CO})_4]

    • Oxidation state of Ni\text{Ni}: Ni0\text{Ni}^0
    • Electronic configuration of Ni0\text{Ni}^0: [Ar]3d84s2[\text{Ar}] 3\text{d}^8 4\text{s}^2
    • CO\text{CO} is a strong field ligand, causing complete pairing of electrons. The two 4s4\text{s} electrons shift to the 3d3\text{d} subshell, giving a 3d104s03\text{d}^{10} 4\text{s}^0 configuration.
    • The empty 4s4\text{s} and three 4p4\text{p} orbitals hybridise to form sp3\text{sp}^3 hybridisation with a tetrahedral geometry.
    • Since there are no unpaired electrons, the complex is diamagnetic (not paramagnetic).
    • Statement C is incorrect.
  4. Compound D: [Ni(CN)4]2[\text{Ni}(\text{CN})_4]^{2-}

    • Oxidation state of Ni\text{Ni}: Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}
    • Electronic configuration of Ni2+\text{Ni}^{2+}: [Ar]3d84s0[\text{Ar}] 3\text{d}^8 4\text{s}^0
    • CN\text{CN}^- is a strong field ligand, causing the pairing of 3d3\text{d} electrons. This leaves one 3d3\text{d} orbital vacant.
    • The vacant 3d3\text{d}, 4s4\text{s}, and two 4p4\text{p} orbitals undergo dsp2\text{dsp}^2 hybridisation, forming a square planar geometry.
    • Since all electrons are paired, the complex is diamagnetic.
    • Statement D is correct.

Thus, the correct statements are A, B and D only.

Correct Option: D

Identify Correct Sequences of Hybridisation Geometry and Magnetic Nature for Coordination Compounds | Chemistry PYQ Solution - JEE Challenger