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Evaluate Trigonometric Expression Given Cotangent Value in Second Quadrant

Let π2<x<π\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi be such that cotx=511\cot x = \frac{-5}{\sqrt{11}}. Then

(sin11x2)(sin6xcos6x)+(cos11x2)(sin6x+cos6x)\left( \sin \frac{11x}{2} \right) (\sin 6x - \cos 6x) + \left( \cos \frac{11x}{2} \right) (\sin 6x + \cos 6x)

is equal to

Options

A

11123\frac{\sqrt{11}-1}{2\sqrt{3}}

B

11+123\frac{\sqrt{11}+1}{2\sqrt{3}}

Correct
C

11+132\frac{\sqrt{11}+1}{3\sqrt{2}}

D

11132\frac{\sqrt{11}-1}{3\sqrt{2}}

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the value of the given expression, let E=(sin11x2)(sin6xcos6x)+(cos11x2)(sin6x+cos6x)E = \left( \sin \frac{11x}{2} \right) (\sin 6x - \cos 6x) + \left( \cos \frac{11x}{2} \right) (\sin 6x + \cos 6x)

Expanding the product, we get: E=sin11x2sin6xsin11x2cos6x+cos11x2sin6x+cos11x2cos6xE = \sin \frac{11x}{2} \sin 6x - \sin \frac{11x}{2} \cos 6x + \cos \frac{11x}{2} \sin 6x + \cos \frac{11x}{2} \cos 6x

Rearranging the terms: E=(cos6xcos11x2+sin6xsin11x2)+(sin6xcos11x2cos6xsin11x2)E = \left( \cos 6x \cos \frac{11x}{2} + \sin 6x \sin \frac{11x}{2} \right) + \left( \sin 6x \cos \frac{11x}{2} - \cos 6x \sin \frac{11x}{2} \right)

Using the angle difference identities cos(AB)=cosAcosB+sinAsinB\cos(A-B) = \cos A \cos B + \sin A \sin B and sin(AB)=sinAcosBcosAsinB\sin(A-B) = \sin A \cos B - \cos A \sin B with A=6xA = 6x and B=11x2B = \frac{11x}{2}: AB=6x11x2=x2A - B = 6x - \frac{11x}{2} = \frac{x}{2}

Thus, the expression simplifies to: E=cosx2+sinx2E = \cos \frac{x}{2} + \sin \frac{x}{2}

We are given that π2<x<π\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi and cotx=511\cot x = -\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}. Since xx lies in the second quadrant, sinx>0\sin x > 0 and cosx<0\cos x < 0.

Using the identity 1+cot2x=csc2x1 + \cot^2 x = \csc^2 x: csc2x=1+(511)2=1+2511=3611\csc^2 x = 1 + \left(-\frac{5}{\sqrt{11}}\right)^2 = 1 + \frac{25}{11} = \frac{36}{11} sinx=116\sin x = \frac{\sqrt{11}}{6}

Since π2<x<π\frac{\pi}{2} < x < \pi, we have π4<x2<π2\frac{\pi}{4} < \frac{x}{2} < \frac{\pi}{2}, which means cosx2>0\cos \frac{x}{2} > 0 and sinx2>0\sin \frac{x}{2} > 0. Thus, E>0E > 0.

Now, let us compute E2E^2: E2=(cosx2+sinx2)2=cos2x2+sin2x2+2sinx2cosx2=1+sinxE^2 = \left(\cos \frac{x}{2} + \sin \frac{x}{2}\right)^2 = \cos^2 \frac{x}{2} + \sin^2 \frac{x}{2} + 2\sin\frac{x}{2}\cos\frac{x}{2} = 1 + \sin x

Substitute sinx=116\sin x = \frac{\sqrt{11}}{6}: E2=1+116=6+116=12+21112=(11+1)212E^2 = 1 + \frac{\sqrt{11}}{6} = \frac{6 + \sqrt{11}}{6} = \frac{12 + 2\sqrt{11}}{12} = \frac{(\sqrt{11} + 1)^2}{12}

Taking the positive square root: E=11+112=11+123E = \frac{\sqrt{11} + 1}{\sqrt{12}} = \frac{\sqrt{11} + 1}{2\sqrt{3}}

Therefore, the correct option is (B).

Evaluate Trigonometric Expression Given Cotangent Value in Second Quadrant | Mathematics PYQ Solution - JEE Challenger