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Determine Positive Integer Value Satisfying Trigonometric Reciprocal Equation

The positive integer value of n>3n > 3 satisfying the equation
1sin⁡(πn)=1sin⁡(2πn)+1sin⁡(3πn)\frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)} = \frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{2\pi}{n}\right)} + \frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{n}\right)}
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Official Numerical Answer7

Step-by-Step Solution

To find the positive integer value of n>3n > 3 satisfying the given equation:
1sin⁡(πn)=1sin⁡(2πn)+1sin⁡(3πn)\frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{n}\right)} = \frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{2\pi}{n}\right)} + \frac{1}{\sin\left(\frac{3\pi}{n}\right)}

Let θ=πn\theta = \frac{\pi}{n}. For n>3n > 3, we have 0<θ<π30 < \theta < \frac{\pi}{3}, which ensures that sin⁡θ,sin⁡2θ,sin⁡3θ≠0\sin\theta, \sin 2\theta, \sin 3\theta \neq 0.

Rewriting the equation in terms of θ\theta:
1sin⁡θ−1sin⁡3θ=1sin⁡2θ\frac{1}{\sin\theta} - \frac{1}{\sin 3\theta} = \frac{1}{\sin 2\theta}

Combining the terms on the left-hand side:
sin⁡3θ−sin⁡θsin⁡θsin⁡3θ=1sin⁡2θ\frac{\sin 3\theta - \sin\theta}{\sin\theta \sin 3\theta} = \frac{1}{\sin 2\theta}

Using the sum-to-product formula sin⁡A−sin⁡B=2cos⁡(A+B2)sin⁡(A−B2)\sin A - \sin B = 2\cos\left(\frac{A+B}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{A-B}{2}\right):
2cos⁡2θsin⁡θsin⁡θsin⁡3θ=1sin⁡2θ\frac{2\cos 2\theta \sin\theta}{\sin\theta \sin 3\theta} = \frac{1}{\sin 2\theta}

Since sin⁡θ≠0\sin\theta \neq 0, we can cancel sin⁡θ\sin\theta from the numerator and denominator:
2cos⁡2θsin⁡3θ=1sin⁡2θ\frac{2\cos 2\theta}{\sin 3\theta} = \frac{1}{\sin 2\theta}

Cross-multiplying gives:
2sin⁡2θcos⁡2θ=sin⁡3θ2\sin 2\theta \cos 2\theta = \sin 3\theta

Using the double-angle formula sin⁡2A=2sin⁡Acos⁡A\sin 2A = 2\sin A \cos A:
sin⁡4θ=sin⁡3θ\sin 4\theta = \sin 3\theta

Rearranging the terms:
sin⁡4θ−sin⁡3θ=0\sin 4\theta - \sin 3\theta = 0
2cos⁡(7θ2)sin⁡(θ2)=02\cos\left(\frac{7\theta}{2}\right)\sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) = 0

Since 0<θ<π30 < \theta < \frac{\pi}{3}, we have 0<θ2<π60 < \frac{\theta}{2} < \frac{\pi}{6}, which implies sin⁡(θ2)≠0\sin\left(\frac{\theta}{2}\right) \neq 0.

Therefore, we must have:
cos⁡(7θ2)=0\cos\left(\frac{7\theta}{2}\right) = 0

The general solution is:
7θ2=(2k+1)π2,k∈Z\frac{7\theta}{2} = (2k + 1)\frac{\pi}{2}, \quad k \in \mathbb{Z}
7θ=(2k+1)π7\theta = (2k + 1)\pi

Substituting θ=πn\theta = \frac{\pi}{n}:
7πn=(2k+1)π  ⟹  n=72k+1\frac{7\pi}{n} = (2k + 1)\pi \implies n = \frac{7}{2k + 1}

For nn to be an integer greater than 33, the only possible non-negative integer value for kk is k=0k = 0:
n=72(0)+1=7n = \frac{7}{2(0) + 1} = 7

Thus, the required positive integer value of nn is 77.