JEE Challenger
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Correct Statements Regarding Metal Carbonyls and Synergic Bonding

The correct statements about metal carbonyls are

A. The metal-carbon bonds in metal carbonyls possess both σ\sigma and π\pi-character.

B. Due to synergic bonding interactions between metal and CO ligand, the metal-carbon bond becomes weak.

C. The metal-carbon σ\sigma bond is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of metal.

D. The metal-carbon π\pi bond is formed by the donation of electrons from filled d-orbital of metal into vacant π\pi^* orbital of CO.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options

A

A and B Only

B

A, C and D Only

Correct
C

B and C Only

D

A and D Only

Topics & Concepts

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the correct statements regarding metal carbonyls, let us analyze each statement individually based on the concepts of organometallic bonding and synergic bonding:

  1. Statement A: "The metal-carbon bonds in metal carbonyls possess both σ\sigma and π\pi-character."

    • In metal carbonyls, bonding consists of a σ\sigma-donation from the carbon atom of CO\text{CO} to the metal, combined with a π\pi-backdonation from the metal dd-orbitals to the π\pi^* antibonding orbitals of CO\text{CO}. This dual mechanism imparts both σ\sigma and π\pi character to the metal-carbon (M-C\text{M-C}) bond.
    • Therefore, Statement A is correct.
  2. Statement B: "Due to synergic bonding interactions between metal and CO ligand, the metal-carbon bond becomes weak."

    • Synergic bonding involves a cooperative effect where σ\sigma-donation increases electron density on the metal, facilitating π\pi-backdonation. This π\pi-backdonation imparts partial double-bond character to the M-C\text{M-C} bond, making the metal-carbon bond stronger (and shorter), while weakening the C-O\text{C-O} bond.
    • Therefore, Statement B is incorrect.
  3. Statement C: "The metal-carbon σ\sigma bond is formed by the donation of lone pair of electrons on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of metal."

    • This describes the primary ligand-to-metal σ\sigma-bond (LM)(\text{L} \rightarrow \text{M}), formed when the non-bonding electron pair on the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is donated into a vacant orbital of the metal center.
    • Therefore, Statement C is correct.
  4. Statement D: "The metal-carbon π\pi bond is formed by the donation of electrons from filled d-orbital of metal into vacant π\pi^* orbital of CO."

    • This describes the metal-to-ligand π\pi-backbonding (ML)(\text{M} \rightarrow \text{L}), where electron density from a filled dd-orbital of the metal overlaps with the empty antibonding π\pi^* orbital of the carbon monoxide molecule.
    • Therefore, Statement D is correct.

Conclusion: Statements A, C, and D are correct.

Hence, the correct option is B.

Correct Statements Regarding Metal Carbonyls and Synergic Bonding | Chemistry PYQ Solution - JEE Challenger