Correct Statements Regarding Lanthanoid and Actinoid Elements
The correct statements among the following are,
A. and are less stable than .
B. and are oxidant while and are reductant.
C. and have seven unpaired electrons.
D. Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Options
A and B Only
C and D Only
B and D Only
A and C Only
Topics & Concepts
Step-by-Step Solution
To determine the correct statements regarding lanthanoid and actinoid elements, we analyze each statement individually:
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Statement A: and are less stable than .
- In Group 6 of the d-block elements (, , ), the stability of higher oxidation states increases down the group due to stronger metal-metal bonding and greater participation of -orbitals.
- Thus, and are more stable than . For example, in is a strong oxidizing agent because it easily gets reduced, whereas and are quite stable and not easily reduced.
- Therefore, Statement A is incorrect.
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Statement B: and are oxidant while and are reductant.
- The most stable and common oxidation state for lanthanoids is .
- () and () readily undergo reduction to achieve the stable state ( and ), so they act as strong oxidizing agents (oxidants).
- () and () readily undergo oxidation to achieve the state ( and ), so they act as strong reducing agents (reductants).
- Therefore, Statement B is correct.
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Statement C: and have seven unpaired electrons.
- Americium (, ) has the electronic configuration , giving 7 unpaired electrons.
- Curium (, ) has the electronic configuration , giving .
- Since Curium has 8 unpaired electrons, both elements do not have seven unpaired electrons.
- Therefore, Statement C is incorrect.
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Statement D: Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction.
- The electrons in actinoids have a poorer shielding effect than the electrons in lanthanoids because orbitals are more diffuse.
- As a result, the increase in effective nuclear charge from element to element is greater in actinoids, leading to a larger contraction per element compared to lanthanoids.
- Therefore, Statement D is correct.
Hence, the correct statements are B and D Only.
Correct Option: C ()