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Correct Statements Regarding Lanthanoid and Actinoid Elements

The correct statements among the following are,

A. Mo(VI)\text{Mo(VI)} and W(VI)\text{W(VI)} are less stable than Cr(VI)\text{Cr(VI)}.
B. Ce4+\text{Ce}^{4+} and Tb4+\text{Tb}^{4+} are oxidant while Eu2+\text{Eu}^{2+} and Yb2+\text{Yb}^{2+} are reductant.
C. Cm\text{Cm} and Am\text{Am} have seven unpaired electrons.
D. Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Options

A

A and B Only

B

C and D Only

C

B and D Only

Correct
D

A and C Only

Step-by-Step Solution

To determine the correct statements regarding lanthanoid and actinoid elements, we analyze each statement individually:

  1. Statement A: Mo(VI)\text{Mo(VI)} and W(VI)\text{W(VI)} are less stable than Cr(VI)\text{Cr(VI)}.

    • In Group 6 of the d-block elements (Cr\text{Cr}, Mo\text{Mo}, W\text{W}), the stability of higher oxidation states increases down the group due to stronger metal-metal bonding and greater participation of dd-orbitals.
    • Thus, Mo(VI)\text{Mo(VI)} and W(VI)\text{W(VI)} are more stable than Cr(VI)\text{Cr(VI)}. For example, Cr(VI)\text{Cr(VI)} in Cr2O72\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-} is a strong oxidizing agent because it easily gets reduced, whereas MoO42\text{MoO}_4^{2-} and WO42\text{WO}_4^{2-} are quite stable and not easily reduced.
    • Therefore, Statement A is incorrect.
  2. Statement B: Ce4+\text{Ce}^{4+} and Tb4+\text{Tb}^{4+} are oxidant while Eu2+\text{Eu}^{2+} and Yb2+\text{Yb}^{2+} are reductant.

    • The most stable and common oxidation state for lanthanoids is +3+3.
    • Ce4+\text{Ce}^{4+} ([Xe]4f0[\text{Xe}]4f^0) and Tb4+\text{Tb}^{4+} ([Xe]4f7[\text{Xe}]4f^7) readily undergo reduction to achieve the stable +3+3 state (Ce3+\text{Ce}^{3+} and Tb3+\text{Tb}^{3+}), so they act as strong oxidizing agents (oxidants).
    • Eu2+\text{Eu}^{2+} ([Xe]4f7[\text{Xe}]4f^7) and Yb2+\text{Yb}^{2+} ([Xe]4f14[\text{Xe}]4f^{14}) readily undergo oxidation to achieve the +3+3 state (Eu3+\text{Eu}^{3+} and Yb3+\text{Yb}^{3+}), so they act as strong reducing agents (reductants).
    • Therefore, Statement B is correct.
  3. Statement C: Cm\text{Cm} and Am\text{Am} have seven unpaired electrons.

    • Americium (Am\text{Am}, Z=95Z = 95) has the electronic configuration [Rn]5f77s2[\text{Rn}]\, 5f^7 7s^2, giving 7 unpaired electrons.
    • Curium (Cm\text{Cm}, Z=96Z = 96) has the electronic configuration [Rn]5f76d17s2[\text{Rn}]\, 5f^7 6d^1 7s^2, giving 7+1=8 unpaired electrons7 + 1 = \mathbf{8\text{ unpaired electrons}}.
    • Since Curium has 8 unpaired electrons, both elements do not have seven unpaired electrons.
    • Therefore, Statement C is incorrect.
  4. Statement D: Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction.

    • The 5f5f electrons in actinoids have a poorer shielding effect than the 4f4f electrons in lanthanoids because 5f5f orbitals are more diffuse.
    • As a result, the increase in effective nuclear charge from element to element is greater in actinoids, leading to a larger contraction per element compared to lanthanoids.
    • Therefore, Statement D is correct.

Hence, the correct statements are B and D Only.

Correct Option: C (B and D Only\text{B and D Only})

Correct Statements Regarding Lanthanoid and Actinoid Elements | Chemistry PYQ Solution - JEE Challenger